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Downloads of Mac Software Are Ordinarily Supplied as a _______ Package.ã¢â‚¬â€¹ Updated FREE

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Downloads of Mac Software Are Ordinarily Supplied as a _______ Package.ã¢â‚¬â€¹

Family unit of operating systems for Macintosh computers

"Mac OS" redirects here. For the original Apple operating arrangement for Macs, see Archetype Mac OS. For the current Apple tree operating arrangement for Macs, see macOS.

The family of Macintosh operating systems developed by Apple Inc. includes the graphical user interface-based operating systems it has designed for use with its Macintosh serial of personal computers since 1984, as well as the related organization software information technology once created for compatible third-party systems.

In 1984, Apple tree debuted the operating system that is now known every bit the "Classic" Mac Bone with its release of the original Macintosh System Software. The system, rebranded "Mac Bone" in 1996, was preinstalled on every Macintosh until 2002 and offered on Macintosh clones for a short time in the 1990s. Noted for its ease of utilise, information technology was also criticized for its lack of modern technologies compared to its competitors.[1] [2]

The current Mac operating system is macOS, originally named "Mac Bone Ten" until 2012 and then "Bone X" until 2016.[three] Developed between 1997 and 2001 after Apple's purchase of Adjacent, Mac OS X brought an entirely new architecture based on NeXTSTEP, a Unix system, that eliminated many of the technical challenges that the archetype Mac OS faced. The current macOS is preinstalled with every Mac and is updated annually.[iv] It is the ground of Apple tree'southward current system software for its other devices – iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, and tvOS.[5]

Prior to the introduction of Mac Os 10, Apple experimented with several other concepts, releasing different products designed to bring the Macintosh interface or applications to Unix-similar systems or vice versa, A/UX, MAE, and MkLinux. Apple'due south attempt to aggrandize upon and develop a replacement for its classic Mac OS in the 1990s led to a few cancelled projects, code named Star Trek, Taligent, and Copland.

Although they have unlike architectures, the Macintosh operating systems share a common set of GUI principles, including a card bar across the top of the screen; the Finder shell, featuring a desktop metaphor that represents files and applications using icons and relates concepts like directories and file deletion to real-world objects like folders and a trash can; and overlapping windows for multitasking.

Archetype Mac Os [edit]

The "classic" Mac OS is the original Macintosh operating system that was introduced in 1984 alongside the first Macintosh and remained in primary employ on Macs until the introduction of Mac Bone 10 in 2001.[6] [seven]

Apple released the original Macintosh on January 24, 1984; its early system software was partially based on the Lisa OS and the Xerox PARC Alto computer, which former Apple CEO Steve Jobs previewed.[6] It was originally named "System Software", or simply "System"; Apple rebranded it as "Mac OS" in 1996 due in part to its Macintosh clone program that concluded a yr subsequently.[8]

Classic Mac Os is characterized past its monolithic blueprint. Initial versions of the System Software run 1 application at a fourth dimension. Arrangement 5 introduced cooperative multitasking. System 7 supports 32-bit retentivity addressing and virtual retentiveness, assuasive larger programs. Afterwards updates to the Organization seven enable the transition to the PowerPC compages. The organisation was considered user-friendly, only its architectural limitations were critiqued, such as express memory management, lack of protected memory and access controls, and susceptibility to conflicts among extensions.[2]

Releases [edit]

Nine major versions of the archetype Mac OS were released. The proper name "Classic" that now signifies the system equally a whole is a reference to a compatibility layer that helped ease the transition to Mac Os 10.[9]

  • Macintosh System Software – "System 1", released in 1984
  • System Software 2, iii, and 4 – released between 1985 and 1987
  • System Software 5 – released in 1987
  • System Software vi – released in 1988
  • Arrangement vii / Mac Os 7.6 – released in 1991
  • Mac OS 8 – released in 1997
  • Mac Bone 9 – final major version, released in 1999

Mac Bone Ten / Bone X / macOS [edit]

macOS (originally named "Mac OS X" until 2012 and and so "OS Ten" until 2016)[ten] is the current Mac operating organisation that officially succeeded the classic Mac OS in 2001.

Although the organization was originally marketed as simply "version x" of Mac OS, it has a history that is largely independent of the classic Mac OS. It is a Unix-based operating system[11] [12] built on NeXTSTEP and other technology developed at Next from the late 1980s until early 1997, when Apple purchased the company and its CEO Steve Jobs returned to Apple.[13] Precursors to the original release of Mac Bone X include OPENSTEP, Apple's Rhapsody project, and the Mac Os X Public Beta.

macOS makes use of the BSD codebase and the XNU kernel,[xiv] and its core set of components is based upon Apple's open source Darwin operating system.

macOS is the basis for some of Apple tree's other operating systems, including iPhone OS/iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, and tvOS.

Releases [edit]

Desktop [edit]

The first desktop version of the system was released on March 24, 2001, supporting the Aqua user interface. Since so, several more versions adding newer features and technologies have been released. Since 2011, new releases take been offered on an annual basis.[4]

  • Mac OS 10 10.0 – code name "Cheetah", released to end users on Saturday, March 24, 2001
  • Mac OS X 10.1 – code name "Puma", released to terminate users on Tuesday, September 25, 2001
  • Mac OS 10 ten.2 – also marketed equally "Jaguar", released to end users on Friday, August 23, 2002
  • Mac Os Ten Panther – version 10.3, released to end users on Friday, October 24, 2003
  • Mac Os Ten Tiger – version 10.iv, released to cease users on Fri, April 29, 2005
  • Mac OS X Leopard – version 10.5, released to end users on Fri, October 26, 2007
  • Mac Os X Snow Leopard – version ten.6, publicly unveiled on Mon, June 8, 2009
  • Mac Os X King of beasts – version 10.7, released to end users on Midweek, July 20, 2011
  • Os 10 Mountain Lion – version 10.8, released to terminate users on Wednesday, July 25, 2012
  • OS X Mavericks – version 10.9, released to finish users on Tuesday, Oct 22, 2013
  • Os X Yosemite – version 10.ten, released to end users on Thursday, October 16, 2014
  • OS X El Capitan – version x.11, released to end users on Wednesday, September 30, 2015
  • macOS Sierra – version 10.12, released to finish users on Tuesday, September 20, 2016
  • macOS High Sierra – version ten.thirteen, released to stop users on Mon, September 25, 2017
  • macOS Mojave – version 10.fourteen, released to finish users on Mon, September 24, 2018
  • macOS Catalina – version 10.15, released to terminate users on Monday, Oct 7, 2019
  • macOS Big Sur – version eleven, released to stop users on Thursday, November 12, 2020
  • macOS Monterey – version 12, released to finish users on Monday, Oct 25, 2021

Server [edit]

An early server calculating version of the system was released in 1999 as a engineering science preview. It was followed by several more official server-based releases. Server functionality has instead been offered as an improver for the desktop organization since 2011.[xv]

  • Mac OS Ten Server one.0 – lawmaking name "Hera", released in 1999
  • macOS Server – several releases since 2001

Other projects [edit]

Shipped [edit]

A/ROSE [edit]

The Apple Real-time Operating System Environment (A/ROSE) was a small embedded operating system which ran on the Macintosh Coprocessor Platform, an expansion menu for the Macintosh. The idea was to offer a unmarried "overdesigned" hardware platform on which third-party vendors could build practically any production, reducing the otherwise heavy workload of developing a NuBus-based expansion carte du jour. The outset version of the system was fix for use in February 1988.[16]

A/UX [edit]

Main article: A/UX

In 1988, Apple released its first UNIX-based OS, A/UX, which was a UNIX operating arrangement with the Mac Bone wait and experience. It was non very competitive for its time, due in part to the crowded UNIX market and Macintosh hardware lacking loftier-end design features nowadays on workstation-class computers. A/UX had most of its success in sales to the U.S. government, where POSIX compliance was a requirement that Mac OS could not see.[17]

MAE [edit]

The Macintosh Application Environment (MAE) was a software package introduced by Apple in 1994 that allowed users of sure Unix-based estimator workstations to run Apple Macintosh application software. MAE used the Ten Window System to emulate a Macintosh Finder-fashion graphical user interface. The last version, MAE 3.0, was uniform with System vii.five.three. MAE was bachelor for Sun Microsystems SPARCstation and Hewlett-Packard systems. It was discontinued on May fourteen, 1998.[18]

MkLinux [edit]

Announced at the 1996 Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC), MkLinux is an open source operating arrangement that was started past the OSF Research Institute and Apple tree in February 1996 to port Linux to the PowerPC platform, and thus Macintosh computers. In mid 1998, the community-led MkLinux Developers Clan took over development of the operating system. MkLinux is short for "Microkernel Linux," which refers to the project's accommodation of the Linux kernel to run as a server hosted atop the Mach microkernel. MkLinux is based on version 3.0 of Mach.[nineteen]

Cancelled [edit]

Star Trek [edit]

Star Trek (every bit in "to boldly become where no Mac has gone before") was a relatively unknown underground epitome beginning in 1992, whose goal was to create a version of the classic Mac Os that would run on Intel-uniform x86 personal computers. In partnership with Apple tree and with support from Intel, the project was instigated by Novell, which was looking to integrate its DR-DOS with the Mac OS GUI as a common response to the monopoly of Microsoft's Windows 3.0 and MS-DOS. A team consisting of 4 from Apple and 4 from Novell was able to get the Macintosh Finder and some basic applications such as QuickTime, running smoothly on the x86 compages. The project was canceled a yr later in early 1993, merely some of the code was later reused when porting the Mac OS to PowerPC.[20] [21]

Taligent [edit]

Taligent (a portmanteau of "talent" and "intelligent") was the proper noun of an object-oriented operating system and the company defended to producing it. Started as a project within Apple to provide a replacement for the archetype Mac OS, information technology was later spun off into a joint venture with IBM as part of the AIM alliance, with the purpose of building a competing platform to Microsoft Cairo and NeXTSTEP. The evolution procedure never worked, and Taligent is often cited every bit an case of a projection death march. Apple tree pulled out of the projection in 1995 before the lawmaking had been delivered.[22]

Copland [edit]

Copland was a project at Apple tree to create an updated version of the classic Mac OS. It was to have introduced protected memory, preemptive multitasking and a number of new underlying operating system features, still withal be compatible with existing Mac software. As originally planned, a follow-up release known every bit "Gershwin" would add multithreading and other advanced features. New features were added more rapidly than they could exist completed, and the completion appointment slipped into the time to come with no sign of a release. In 1996, Apple decided to cancel the project outright and detect a suitable tertiary-party organisation to supersede it. Copland development ended in Baronial 1996, and in December 1996, Apple announced that it was ownership Adjacent for its NeXTSTEP operating system.[23]

Timeline [edit]

Mac transition to Apple Silicon iMac Pro Retina MacBook Pro MacBook Air Apple–Intel architecture Power Mac G5 Power Mac G4 iMac G3 Power Macintosh Macintosh Quadra Macintosh Portable Macintosh SE/30 Macintosh II Macintosh Plus Macintosh 128K A/UX A/UX A/UX macOS Big Sur macOS Catalina macOS Mojave macOS High Sierra macOS Sierra OS X El Capitan OS X Yosemite OS X Mavericks OS X Mountain Lion Mac OS X Lion Mac OS X Snow Leopard Mac OS X Leopard Mac OS X Tiger Mac OS X Panther Mac OS X 10.2 Mac OS X 10.1 Mac OS X 10.0 Mac OS X Public Beta Mac OS X Server 1.0 MacWorks XL MacWorks XL Sun Remarketing MacWorks XL Mac OS 9 Mac OS 9 Mac OS 9 Mac OS 8 Mac OS 8 Mac OS 8 Mac OS 8 System 7 System 7 System 7 System 7 System 6 Classic Mac OS Classic Mac OS Classic Mac OS Classic Mac OS System 1 Finder (software) Finder (software) Finder (software) Finder (software) Finder (software) Finder (software) Finder (software) Finder (software) Finder (software)

[edit]

Earlier the inflow of the Macintosh in 1984, Apple tree's history of operating systems began with its Apple Ii series computers in 1977, which ran Apple tree DOS, ProDOS, and subsequently GS/OS; the Apple Iii in 1980, which ran Apple SOS; and the Apple Lisa in 1983, which ran Lisa Os and later MacWorks Xl, a Macintosh emulator. Apple tree besides developed the Newton Bone for its Newton personal digital assistant from 1993 to 1997.

In recent years, Apple has likewise launched several new operating systems based on the cadre of macOS, including iOS in 2007 for its iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch mobile devices and in 2017 for its HomePod smart speakers; watchOS in 2015 for the Apple Watch; tvOS in 2015 for the Apple Idiot box set up-top box.

Meet also [edit]

  • Comparison of operating systems
  • History of the graphical user interface
  • Macintosh
  • List of Macintosh software

References [edit]

  1. ^ Gruber, John (January 21, 2009). "Three things OS 10 could learn from the Classic Mac OS". Macworld. Archived from the original on September 24, 2016. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  2. ^ a b Hertzfeld, Andy. "The Original Macintosh: Mea Culpa". folklore.org. Archived from the original on June xix, 2010. Retrieved May ten, 2010.
  3. ^ Siracusa, John (March 24, 2006). "Five years of Mac OS 10". Ars Technica. Condé Nast Digital. Archived from the original on June 25, 2009. Retrieved Apr 15, 2009. Even Steve Jobs nevertheless says "ecks" instead of "x" sometimes.
  4. ^ a b Gruber, John. "Mountain Lion". Daring Fireball. Archived from the original on August eleven, 2015. Retrieved Baronial 15, 2015.
  5. ^ Honan, Matthew (January ix, 2007). "Apple unveils iPhone". Macworld. Archived from the original on April 15, 2008. Retrieved January 16, 2010.
  6. ^ a b Linzmayer, Owen W. (2004). Apple Confidential ii.0. No Starch Press. Archived from the original on November thirteen, 2016. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  7. ^ "The Macintosh Product Introduction Programme". Stanford University Libraries & Academic Information Resource. Stanford University. Archived from the original on July 21, 2010.
  8. ^ Gruman, Galen (Nov 1997). "Why Apple Pulled the Plug". Macworld. Vol. 14, no. eleven. pp. 31–36.
  9. ^ "A Brief History of the Classic Mac Os". Depression Cease Mac. Archived from the original on Oct 5, 2016. Retrieved Oct i, 2016.
  10. ^ "What is an operating system (OS)?". Apple Inc. July xv, 2004. Archived from the original on July 22, 2010. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
  11. ^ "Mac Bone X and Unix" (PDF). Apple Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 30, 2009. Retrieved Feb 5, 2016.
  12. ^ "macOS version ten.12 Sierra on Intel-based Mac computers". The Open Group. Archived from the original on October 2, 2016. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
  13. ^ "Apple Computer, Inc. Agrees to Acquire Side by side Software Inc". Apple Computer. December 20, 1996. Archived from the original on Jan 16, 1999.
  14. ^ "Mac OS X: What is BSD?". Apple tree Inc. Archived from the original on Feb 19, 2013. Retrieved Oct 25, 2012.
  15. ^ "Apple Releases Developer Preview of Mac Bone X Panthera leo" (Press release). Apple Inc. Feb 24, 2011. Retrieved Oct 13, 2019.
  16. ^ "Inside the Macintosh Coprocessor Platform and A/ROSE". Archived from the original on October fifteen, 2016. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  17. ^ Crabb, Don (August ten, 1992). "Apple finally gets Unix correct with A/UX iii.0". InfoWorld. pp. 68–69. Archived from the original on August 1, 2016. Retrieved Oct 1, 2016.
  18. ^ "MAE screenshots". Archived from the original on Jan 24, 2014. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
  19. ^ Barbou des Places, François; Stephen, Nick; Reynolds, Franklin D. (Jan 12, 1996). "Linux on the OSF Mach3 microkernel". Grenoble and Cambridge: OSF Enquiry Institute. Archived from the original on February eleven, 2012. Retrieved April 4, 2013.
  20. ^ Hormby, Tom (2005). "Star Trek: Apple tree's First Mac Bone on Intel Project". Depression End Mac. Archived from the original on November 2, 2015. Retrieved Nov 10, 2015.
  21. ^ Linzmayer, Owen Due west. (1999). Apple tree Confidential . San Francisco, CA: No Starch Printing. ISBN9781886411289. OCLC 245921029. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  22. ^ "Apple surrenders the Pink (to Microsoft) Archived August ten, 2017, at the Wayback Car", The Register, October iii, 2008.
  23. ^ Widman, Jake (October 9, 2008). "Lessons Learned: Information technology's Biggest Project Failures". PCWorld. Archived from the original on November 5, 2012. Retrieved October 23, 2012.

External links [edit]

  • Media related to Macintosh operating systems at Wikimedia Commons

Downloads of Mac Software Are Ordinarily Supplied as a _______ Package.ã¢â‚¬â€¹

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_operating_systems

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